Rhein is localized in the mitochondria of pancreatic ß-cells, and it can maintain mitochondrial ultrastructure by reducing the ROS content in mitochondria, thereby inhibiting the expression of dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) and preventing ß-cell apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia (Lin et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene DNM1L and Hyperglycemia.