Erlotinib was significantly superior to chemotherapy in advanced EGFR-positive NSCLC (PFS 13.1 vs. 4.6 months, respectively) (Zhou et al., 2011a), but its overall survival was lower than chemotherapy (24.68 vs. 26.16 months, respectively); it was superior to chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy with enhanced PS but not OS. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.