In addition, studies performed on in vitro and in vivo AD mice models demonstrated that the administration of recombinant GDF15 may exert beneficial effects by promoting the proliferation and migration of hippocampal stem cells, while GDF15 ablation leads to reduced proliferation and migration of these cells (Carrillo-Garcia et al., 2014; Kim et al., 2015). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is Alzheimer disease.