In particular, some studies suggested that high circulating levels of GDF15 are associated with the risk of developing AD, as well as other neurodegenerative diseases, and considered this protein as a promising diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of several neurodegenerative diseases (Chai et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2021; Xue et al., 2022). The gene discussed is GDF15; the disease is Alzheimer disease.