Encouragingly, the outcome of melanoma patients has dramatically improved in recent years by the development of agents for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) (that target programmed cell death 1 [PD-1] and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 [CTLA-4] coinhibitory receptors) and BRAF/(mitogen-activated protein kinase) MAPK kinase (MEK) targeted therapy (8). Here, PDCD1 is linked to melanoma.