The AdvanTIG-203 (NCT04732494), SKYSCRAPER-07 (NCT04543617), and SKYSCRAPER-08 (NCT04540211) are clinical studies to investigate the efficacy and safety of anti-TIGIT and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy for patients with ESCC. Here, PDCD1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.