reported that the inhibition of CSF-1/CSF-1R signaling axis resulted in increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells with decreased M2 macrophage polarization in the TME of EAC rat model, and CSF-1R inhibitors could enhance the anti-tumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by suppressing immune evasion (68). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.