TGFB1 and cancer: Encouraging data from a phase I clinical study (NCT02517398) demonstrate the potential safety and clinical antitumor activity of M7824 (anti-PD-L1 and anti-TGF-β dual antibody) in multiple types of difficult-to-treat cancers, including advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated cancers, biliary tract cancer (BTC) and gastric cancer (127).