Clinicians usually use the tumor proportion score (TPS) and combined positive score (CPS) to assess the expression of PD-L1, which is calculated by the following immunohistochemical scoring algorithm: TPS = (total number of PD-L1 stained tumor cells/total number of tumor cells) × 100%; CPS = (total number of PD-L1 stained cells/total number of tumor cells) × 100. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.