Mutations resulting in constitutively active B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) or NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (NRAS) proteins, which result in increased ERK kinase activity and, ultimately, CCND1 production (29), comprise 50% and 20% of all melanoma cases, respectively (30, 31). The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is melanoma.