Because specific microRNA signatures during viral infection inform the cellular processes involved in virus replication and pathogenesis, we investigated plasma microRNA profiles in 44 subjects, including patients with symptomatic acute (AHE, n = 7) and chronic (CHE, n = 6) hepatitis E, blood donors with asymptomatic infection (HEV BDs, n = 9), and anti-HEV IgG+ IgM− (exposed BDs, n = 10) and anti-HEV IgG− IgM− (naive BDs, n = 12) healthy blood donors. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is infection.