PINK1 and Parkinson disease: On average, PD patients with recessive mutations in PINK1 also exhibit a better response to l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) than idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) patients, although drug-related dyskinesias and fluctuations of symptoms often occur earlier than IPD (Valente and Ferraris, 2010).