ACE and chronic kidney disease: Importantly, CREDENCE, DAPA-CKD and EMPA-KIDNEY all evaluated the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor treatment on top of standard-of-care angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy.21,22,26 The benefits observed within these kidney outcome trials therefore demonstrate that SGLT2 inhibitors address residual risk for progression of kidney disease despite optimized ACE inhibitor or ARB treatment.