It can be seen that the incidence of AKI after UUTC is similar to that of heart surgery such as valve replacement and coronary intervention.13 Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that KIM-1, PCT, CRP, and NGAL were the risk factors for AKI in patients with upper urinary tract stones, suggesting that they can be used as urinary biomarkers for the diagnosis of AKI. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and acute kidney injury.