Understanding the role of ciliopathies in hydrocephalus may furthermore pave the way for personalized medical treatment targeted at restoring ciliary function, as exemplified by the use of lentiviral gene therapy in Primary ciliary dyskinesia.106 Another example is the use of melanin-concentrating hormone that may increase the ciliary beating frequency.107 Moreover, downstream platelet-derived growth factor receptor activation by lithium in a Bardet–Biedl syndrome mouse model reduced the ventricular volume.108. Here, PMCH is linked to ciliopathy.