The unfavorable impact of COL12A1 upregulation on the prognosis of iCCA patients was also observed at the translational level in two independent iCCA cohorts (Fig. 3D, Additional file 2: Fig. S2), and the optimal cutoff point for stratifying iCCA patients into two groups was -0.6726799 (log2 ratio of unique peptides) in OEP001105 cohort and 3 (IHC score of COL12A1 staining) in LVC1202 cohort, respectively. Here, COL12A1 is linked to infantile convulsions and choreoathetosis.