IFNγ secreting Th1 cell was identified in synovial fluids from RA patients9,10, and induce macrophage activation characterized by an increased capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF11, Past study reported that there was no significant difference in peripheral blood CXCR3+CCR6− Tfh1 cell between RA patients and HCs12. Here, CXCR3 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.