IPW adjustments in HCs revealed that a significant increase in cTfh1 cells, cTfh2 cells, Tph cells, and CD8+ T cells, and a significant decrease in cTh17 cells, cTh17.1 cells, memory and naïve Treg cells, and CD8+ Treg cells in the Karuizawa patients with RA compared those from Tsukuba (Fig. 4A). The gene discussed is TPH1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.