Third, compared to the percentage of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in left tumors (corresponding to primary tumors in mice with cryosurgery) of mice without cryosurgery, cryosurgery not only decreases the population of pro-tumorigenic M2 TAMs (F4/80+CD206+CD86-) but also elevates the percentage of anti-tumorigenic M1 TAMs (F4/80+CD206-CD86+) in all treated groups (Supplementary Fig. 14a–d). Here, CD86 is linked to neoplasm.