SELL and neoplasm: In addition, ICIE promotes the percentage of central memory T cells (TCM, CD8+CD44+CD62L+) in spleen to 45.3 ± 1.4% from 19.5 ± 0.7% for PBS without cryosurgery (Supplementary Fig. 17b–d), and mice received combinational treatments of cryosurgery and aforementioned formulations show a significantly higher frequency of TCM than those with no cryosurgery (Supplementary Fig. 17d), suggesting the capability of generating long-term protection against tumor burdens, metastasis, or relapse.