SMAD2 and Hepatic fibrosis: TLR4 deficiency reduces C. sinensis induced-liver fibrosis by decreasing the expression of key factors TGF-β1 and phospho-Smad2/3 [6].We hypothesized that the functions of TLR2 and TLR4 were relevant and both were required for the host inflammatory regulation process, thus affecting the liver injury and biliary fibrosis induced by C. sinensis when either of the TLR absent.