The prevalence of malaria infection; the occurrence of P. falciparum genetic diversity of MSP1, MSP2, MSP3, and EBA175; and the total antibody (IgG and IgM: AMA1, MSP1, MSP2, MSP3, and EBA175) and cytokine (IL-10, TNF-α, and IFNγ) response to malaria among pregnant women with and without HIV will be evaluated. Here, CD40LG is linked to malaria.