IGF1 and nervous system disorder: Thus, IGF-1 is a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of various neurological disorders through regulation of multiple neuroprotective signaling pathways, including Ras/Erk1/2, PI3K/MAPK/Akt/mTOR, Ca2+/CaMK II and IV, CREB, C/EBPβ, and GSK3B/NF-kB/NLRP3.