TOB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Mechanistically, direct interplay between miR-486-5p and TOB1 upregulates BMP/Smad signaling.221 Moreover, given that RA-FLS-derived exosomes containing miR-106b significantly disrupts the normal cellular processes of chondrocytes by targeting the PDK4 gene, miR-106b suppression has enormous potential in attenuating cartilage injury in CIA and RA progression.222