TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Repressed miR-29 expression in RA patients treated with infliximab contributes to enhanced resistance of PBMCs to apoptosis by inactivating HBP1 signaling.273 Administration of the TNFi adalimumab to patients with RA downregulated miR-155 levels in macrophages and consequently reversed the defect in M2 polarization.115 Low global miRNA levels in RA neutrophils were observed, which may have been mediated by the release of excessive levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and/or a defect in miRNA processing as a result of DICER inadequacy.