DKK2 and rheumatoid arthritis: For instance, overexpression of synovium-derived miR-221-3p impedes osteoblast maturation in RA by modulating Dickkopf2 (DKK2) protein levels to affect Wnt signaling activity.198 Exosomes secreted from RA-FLSs carrying miR-486-5p were demonstrated to potentiate the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of osteoblasts and thus accelerate bone repair and ameliorate CIA symptoms.