TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Downregulated CTGF expression limits the proliferation of RA-FLSs and angiogenesis, thereby, to some extent, limiting pannus formation and attacking cartilage.85 The levels of miR-143 and miR-145 are also augmented in RA-FLSs compared to OA-FLSs.86 Overexpression of miR-143 enhances TNFα-induced pro-inflammatory signals by downregulating insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5).