MDSCs are a heterogeneous population of cells with immunosuppressive effects that have been demonstrated to promote cancer progression in humans by suppressing antitumour T cells.43 To date, MDSC accumulation has been documented in a number of ADs,55–57 although the roles of MDSCs in the pathogenesis of ADs remain elusive.58 The elevated levels of MDSCs induced by L72-FSY were unlikely to be due to direct activation caused by covalent binding, as IL-2Rα is absent in all types of MDSCs. Here, IL2RA is linked to cancer.