Serum levels of S100A12 are negatively associated with lung function in systemic scleroderma16 and IPF,17 whereas MTPN is reported to convert p65:p50 heterodimers to repressive p50:p50 homodimers, thus differentially regulating NF-κB target genes.18 This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.