MUC4 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: The mechanisms underlying the TQ-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells currently include: the activation of the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways related to the downregulation of MUC4; ROS-mediated activation of the JNK pathway; cell cycle arrest; post-translational modification of histone H4 acetylation; and the activation of caspases.