GFAP and depressive symptom measurement: Consistent with these previous observations, the current study confirmed that CUMS treatment significantly reduced the number of GFAP-positive cells and the protein levels of GFAP in the hippocampus of CUMS-treated mice over time from 3 to 5 weeks, while consecutive treatment with FLX for 5 weeks markedly increased the level of GFAP in the hippocampus of CUMS mice and improved depression-like behaviors.