CSF1 and prostate carcinoma: The contribution of each ligand-receptor was showed in (Figure 6B), Notably, the most significant L-R pairs of CSF pathway was CSF1 − CSF1R, previous study has revealed that the CSF1/CSF1R signaling axis has been implicated in prostate cancer oncogenesis and CSF1R blockade lowered (tumor associated macrophage) TAM-induced tumorigenic factors and delayed the emergence of CRPC (48).