It is worth mentioning that CXCR4 may form a functional MIF receptor complex with CD74, mediating MIF-stimulated, CD74-dependent AKT activation (54), In addition, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the inhibition of CXCR4 reduced the aggressiveness and chemosensitized PCa cells (55, 56), showing that MIF-(CD74+CXCR4)axis can be used as the target of comprehensive treatment. Here, MIF is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.