SDC4 and Ito hypomelanosis: The ten clinical samples used for qPCR were obtained from five patients with NIPAs (Figure 9A) and five patients with IPAs (Figure 9B); analysis showed that the expression levels of THBS2 (P = 0.0196), SDC4 (P = 0.016) and LUM (P = 0.0284) in IPA tissues were significantly lower than those in NIPA tissues (Figure 9C–E).