MAPK3 and asthma: Of significance, both activated (phosphorylated) ERK1/2 and JNK have been detected in ASM from airway biopsy specimens isolated from asthmatic patients, and a positive correlation was observed between the severity of asthma and the extent of phosphorylated ERK1/2 immunostaining, whereas phosphorylated p38 MAPK staining was mostly detected in the airway epithelial cells (31).