Also, a GNAS gene was associated with HM (Tideman et al., 2021), TRAM1, CTNNB1, TENM3 and RUNX with myopia and/or refractive error (Han et al., 2020; Hysi et al., 2020; Xue et al., 2022), and EIF4B with low myopia/hyperopia (Tideman et al., 2021) in Europeans. Here, CTNNB1 is linked to myopia.