MMP2 and neoplasm: It was discovered that by activating the PI3K/AKT axis, sCLU could significantly promote the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a protein related to lipid metabolism, and inhibit the expression of E-calmodulin, thereby inducing tumor invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma, suggesting that CLU may influence tumour invasion and migration by affecting the pathway of lipid transport (Zhong et al., 2018).