NPRL3 and focal epilepsy: Sim et al. (Sim et al., 2016) found that all members of generation III carrying the NPRL3 variant c.1375_1376dupAC exhibited focal epilepsy, but the three individuals carrying the variant in generation II and their grandmothers were asymptomatic, which confirmed that the epilepsy penetrance in individuals with NPRL3 was 50% (4/8) in this family.