CDH3 was expressed in aberrant basaloid cells in the IPF lung (Adams et al., 2020; Travaglini et al., 2020) and overexpressed in all three stages of IPF (early-, progressive, and end-stage IPF) (Ghandikota et al., 2022), but was not found to be differentially expressed in bleomycin-treated animals (Bauer et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CDH3 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.