Cytokines associated with lung injuries, such as IL-1 and TNF-α could induce the production of several chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8, culminating in a cytokine-to-chemokine-to-cytokine signaling cascade through inflammatory response to the viral infection (55). This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and viral infectious disease.