Recent studies related the heterogeneity identified by scRNA-seq in human cancers to cell types found in murine tumor models and identified many functional sub clusters responsible for the poor immunotherapy response such as CXCL13+BHLHE40+ Th1-like cell population (43), C1QC+SPP1+TAMs (13), XCR1+CADM1+cDC, CD1A+ CD172A+cDC (44), which provides many valuable insights for the development of clinical strategies. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and cancer.