Adipocytes express MHCII molecules and the costimulatory molecules CD80/86 and thus act as antigen-presenting cells and promote CD4 T cell activation (26).Interestingly, in obesity, adipocytes have higher expression levels of MHCII molecules and costimulatory molecules (25).The above findings indicate that during the progression of obesity, antigens presented on MHCII molecules induce T-cell proliferation and differentiation into specific subclasses of inflammatory effectors and that this process is the basis for the initiation and persistence of inflammation in VAT. Here, CD80 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.