More interestingly, we found novel hub genes from immunosuppressive modules could be the upstream regulators of a series of cytokines and chemokines such as C3, CXCL3, CXCL16, and CXCL2 in macrophages and microglia cell, which further interact with Treg and shape the immunosuppressive microenvironment of GBM. Here, C3 is linked to glioblastoma.