Although NK- and CD8+ T-cells are most often associated with the cytolytic response to respiratory infection, previous studies suggest that they are also important for vaccine-induced antibody responses to antigens from influenza (Herrero-Fernández et al., 2019; Picard et al., 2022) and other pathogens (Kalia et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is influenza.