Several studies reported that NF-κB inhibition inhibits VSMC proliferation in vitro (Bellas et al., 1995; Selzman et al., 1999; Sasu and Beasley, 2000) and IH in vivo (Zuckerbraun et al., 2003) (Scheme 2). The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is isolated hemihyperplasia.