GDF9 and premature menopause: The genetic factors conclusively discovered in POF patients to date include autosomal and X chromosome abnormalities and variants in POF candidate genes such as follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), forkhead box L2/O3 (FOXL2/FOX O 3), spermatogenesis- and oogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix 1 (SOHLH1), folliculogenesis-specific BHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15).