A recent comprehensive analysis of chromatin remodeling in PAEC identified 18 novel TFs with differential activity in PAH compared with healthy control donors (more active in PAH: ATF1, ATF7, E4F1, CREB5, RFX3, RFX4, FOSL1, FOSL2, JUN, JUND, BATF; more active in controls: ARI3A, FOXG1, FOXJ3, FOXL1, TBX3, PITX2). Here, E4F1 is linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension.