ALB and neoplasm: The AUC for postoperative AL in training cohort and validation cohort were calculated: the nomogram, 0.913 (95%CI: 0.869–0.957) and 0.840 (95%CI: 0.751–0.929); tumor location, 0.711 (95%CI: 0.607–0.815) and 0.573 (95%CI: 0.449–0.698); preoperative lymphocyte, 0.617 (95%CI: 0.559–0.676) and 0.598 (95%CI: 0.448–0.708); preoperative NLR, 0.624 (95%CI: 0.565–0.682) and 0.611 (95%CI: 0.570–0.652); preoperative albumin, 0.647 (95%CI: 0.546–0.748) and 0.644 (95%CI: 0.533–0.754); SMA calcium volumes score, 0.694 (95%CI: 0.588–0.799) and 0.692 (95%CI: 0.566–0.818), respectively (Figure 6).