TNF and Sepsis: Some studies have shown that the levels of characteristic cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐1α, IL‐12, IL‐17, CXCL1, CXCL2, MCP‐1, IL‐8, CXCL10, GM‐CSF, M‐CSF, and G‐CSF in patients with septicemia are significantly higher than those in normal volunteers.12