TNF and infection: When cytokine storm result from infection, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines represented by interferon (IFN)‐λ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐7, IL‐8, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), IFN‐γ‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10), and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 (MIP‐1) were significantly increased in vivo.