There is evidence of a significant inverse relationship between left ventricular cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial Nppa and Nppb expression, suggesting that ANP and BNP expression play a protective role in cardiovascular disorders and CHF (Wei et al., 1993b; Masciotra et al., 1999; Kobayashi et al., 2012; Sangaralingham et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and congestive heart failure.