The roles of both FOXP3 and CSF2/GM-CSF in epileptogenesis are largely unknown; however, in situ work has demonstrated a role for CSF2/GM-CSF in disrupted neuronal networks, and patient studies indicate increased frequency of FOXP3+ cells are positively correlated with age at onset of temporal lobe epilepsy (Vieira et al., 2016; Dikmen et al., 2020). The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is temporal lobe epilepsy.