REN and metabolic syndrome: Offspring loaded heavily on fried foods, SSBs, and refined grain had increased risks of impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension (34, 35); the total blood volume increases with increasing BMI through central (renin-angiotensin and sympathetic systems) and peripheral (e.g., baroreceptors and autonomic dysregulation) mechanisms (36); and insufficient MVPA might disrupt the lipid metabolism through inactivating the lipoprotein lipase and preventing C-reactive protein reduction (37).