Fusobacterium predominance is more prevalent in individuals with invasive cervical cancer, where it is found to be related with elevated levels of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 mRNA, indicating its immunosuppressive effect in the microenvironment of the invasive cervical cancer (Audirac-Chalifour et al., 2016). Here, IL4 is linked to cervical carcinoma.