CHMP5 and COVID-19: To better understand the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the protection from seasonal HCoVs in subjects with or without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we analysed the spike protein similarity of HCoVs HKU1, NL63, 229E and SARS-CoV-2 to investigate whether a particular region could explain the neutralisation differences (Figure 4C).