Furthermore, efforts have been conducted in a pre-clinical stage also using AAV-mediated gene transfer for Barth syndrome; Friedreich ataxia; NDUFS4-, NDUFS3-, and SURF1-related Leigh syndrome; ethylmalonic encephalomyopathy; mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE); MPV17 deficiency; TK2 deficiency; and SLC25A46-related neuropathy [158]. This evidence concerns the gene MPV17 and mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy.