The approval of sipuleucel-T has demonstrated that vaccine therapies can be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer, however, the absence of significant objective radiographic responses or substantial changes in serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) with sipuleucel-T, or other vaccines when used as monotherapies, has led to the exploration of vaccines as parts of combination therapies. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.