INS and neoplasm: LKB1 is a tumor suppressor that phosphorylates the AMPKα subunit in the Thr172 position, thereby activating AMPK; this stimulates numerous cellular events, including a reduction in inflammatory factor activity (i.e., NF-ĸB), an elevation in protein acetylation, a decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a reduction in the insulin/IGF-1-induced stimulation of mTORC1/2 complexes.