VEGFA and arthritic joint disease: This was in line with a previous study demonstrating that GNPs could protect cartilage tissue in arthritis with mechanisms other than COMP, inhibit angiogenic activity (by binding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibiting the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells), or act as an antioxidant (inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent the destruction of RA synovitis) [35].