EIF2AK2 and viral infectious disease: During virus infections, dsRNAs can be sensed by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors, protein kinase R (PKR), oligoadenylate synthases (OAS), and NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin-domain-containing 1 (NLRP1), which results in the activation of diverse signaling cascades leading to inflammation, cell growth inhibition, or cell death [52].