TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Curcumin (200 mg/kg) alleviated RA-induced inflammation and synovial hyperplasia in a rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model by decreasing the levels of mTOR, p70S6K, and Akt1 and increasing the level of 4E-BP1, thus inhibiting the increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MMP-1, and MMP-3 in the serum and synovium [97].